Punica granatum L. var pleniflora, locally known as “Golnar-e-farsi,” is an important medicinal plant in some northern areas of Iran. Its flowers are used as the astringent, hemostatic, antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral properties and also for treatment of wounds, bronchitis, diarrhea, digestive problems, male sex power reconstituent, and dermal infected wounds in Unani medicinal (Iranian traditional medicine) literature. The topical use of pomegranate preparations is shown to be effectively useful for controlling oral inflammation, as well as bacterial and fungal counts in periodontal disease and Candida-associated denture stomatitis. A hydroalcoholic extract of P. granatum fruit, known as HAEP, is reported to be effective against Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Klebsiella, and Proteus species, as well as Escherichia coli. An experiment was conducted for the evaluation of the effect of the alcoholic and water extracts of P. granatum var. pleniflora on Recurrent Aphthous stomatitis. It is one of the most common problems seen in children and adults. Studies showed that the occurrence of Aphtous stomatitis. ranges from 2% to 50% between different population groups. This problem is characterized by recurring, painful, small oral mucosal ulcers with a round or oval aspect that mostly appear in keratinized mucosa, cheeks, and on the surface of the mouth under the tongue. There are several etiologic reasons responsible for this problem. The etiology of Aphthous stomatitis is not perfectly clear, but a positive family tree is seen in about one-third of the patients and there is a genetic background in some groups. In some of the patients an unusual hematologic background is seen as a decrease in Fe, ferritin, folate, and B12. The other etiologic reasons are stress, trauma, and cessation of smoking, whose mechanism is not yet accurately clarified. Some patients claim that Aphthous stomatitis occurs in relation to the menstrual cycle and allergy to certain foods. The results show that the alcoholic and water extracts of P. granatum var. pleniflora have a meaningful therapeutic effect on minor Aphthous stomatitis. Results from the antioxidant activity and its relation to total phenolics show that P. granatum var. pleniflora and P.granatum var. Sweet Alak are rich in phenols. The water and alcoholic extracts of P. granatum var pleniflora decreased the entire time of complete treatment, and the treatment was meaningfully satisfactory for patients who participated in this experiment.
